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Old World Beliefs Of Amon
Ra
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Amen -Ra |
Our
Lord.
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(Amon, Amun, Ammon, Amoun, & Amen)
Amen's
name means "The Hidden One."
Amen was the Patron deity of the city of Thebes from earliest
times, and was viewed (along with his consort Amenet) as a primordial creation-deity
by the priests of Hermopolis.
Where did the legend about Ra the Sun
God start?
Ra - the god of the sun, lord of the sky. Apparently humans and
all other creatures came from Ra's tears. Humans do not know. The mythology
surrounding Ra, the most important god to the ancient Egyptians, is pretty
ancient and Egyptologists believe that it predates the First Dynasty of
Egypt about 2900 B.C. or 5000 years ago. The Egyptian gods Ra, Horus and
Osiris seem to already have been worshiped by Egyptians long before the
First Dynasty because inscriptions and old temples have been uncovered in
many Egyptian cities dating from this time, which would indicate that 'Ra-worship'
was already ancient by the First Dynasty.
Up
to the Middle Kingdom Amen was merely a local god in Thebes; but when the
Thebans had established their sovereignty in Egypt, Amen became a prominent
deity, and by Dynasty XVIII was termed the King of the Gods. His famous
temple, Karnak, is the largest religious structure ever built by man. According
to Budge, Amen by Dynasty XIX-XX was thought of as "an invisible creative
power which was the source of all life in heaven, and on the earth, and
in the great deep, and in the Underworld, and which made itself manifest
under the form of Ra." Additionally, Amen appears to have been the
protector of any pious devotee in need.
Amen was self-created, according to later traditions; according to the older Theban traditions, Amen was created by Thoth, "(God)", as one of the eight primordial deities of creation,
seven
spirits within God or 7 ways he saw himself. (Amen
is, Amenet, Heq, Heqet, Nun, Naunet, Kau,
Kauket).
During the New Kingdom, Amen's consort
was Mut, "Mother," who seems to have been the Egyptian equivalent
of the "Great Mother" archetype. The two thus formed a pair
reminiscent of the God and Goddess of other traditions such as Wicca.
Their child was the moon god Khons.
Above text from: Egytpian Pages http://osiris.colorado.edu/LAB/GODS/amen.html
Social
Science Data Lab, University of Colorado
at Boulderhttp://osiris.colorado.edu/LAB/GODS/amen.html
Re is sometimes spelled Ra; and Amun-Re is sometimes written
as Amen-Ra or Amun-Ra.
A
form of the sun god, is sometimes depicted as a sphinx or a human with the
head of a hawk. The disk of the sun is a symbol of this god. The word Amun,
Amen means "the hidden" or the "hidden ness of divinity",
whereas Re means "the sun" or the "divinity in the power
of the sun".
The god Amun-Re is a representation of these two ideas: the ever-present
invisible power and radiant light of the divine force that sustains life.
To trace the origin of Amun-Re, we must go back to the Old Kingdom and Heliopolis, where the god
Re first appeared as the primary manifestation of the sun god. Re is depicted
with the head of a falcon surmounted by the sun disk during his passage
across the sky, and with the head of a ram during his nocturnal voyage in
the underworld. This local god rose in prominence to become a national god,
resulting in the erection of sun temples throughout the land. In the fourth
dynasty, the pharaohs began to consider themselves manifestations of this
god. Later, during the Middle Kingdom, when Amun became the most important
god, Re was fused with him to become Amun-Re.
Above text from SMCC/CMCC home
Page location: http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/egypt/egcrga3e.html
The definiteness of the assertions of this composition suggest
that it formed the creed of the worshipers of Amen-Ra, fro every one
of them appears to have been made with the express purpose of contradicting
the pretensions urged by the priests of other gods, e.g., Aten and Osiris,
and an examination of the sentences will show that Amen has made the universe.
It is, however, important to note that he is not in any way identified with
Osiris in this text. A fact that seems to indicate that the national god
of the Resurrection in Egypt, and was ignored by the priests of Amen who
composed the contents of Nesi-Khensu's papyrus.
From what has been said as to the importance of Amen-Ra it will
be evident that a large number of shrines of this god must have lived chiefly
upon the endowments, which the pious Egyptians had provided for gods other
than he. We may now consider the various forms in which Amen-Ra is depicted
on monuments and papyri. His commonest form is that of a strong-bearded
man who appears upon his head lofty double plumes, the various sections
of which are colored alternately red and green, or red and blue; round his
neck he wears a deep collar necklace, and his close-fitting tunic is supported
by elaborately worked shoulder-straps. His arm and wrists are provided with
armlets and bracelets, in his right hand is the symbol of life, and his
left the scepter. Hanging from his tunic is the tail of some animal; the
custom of wearing which by gods and kings was common in Egypt in the earliest
times. In this form his title is “Amen-Ra, lord of the thrones of
the two lands.” Instead of the sign of life, he sometimes holds the
khepesh war knife, in his right hand. At times he is given the head of a
hawk which is surmounted by then solar disk encircled by a serpent as "Amen-Ra-Temu
in Thebes" he has the head of a man surmounted by the solar disk encircled
by a serpent; before him is the ankh, which is provided with human legs
and arms, offering lotus flowers to the god.
Thus he becomes the god both of Heliopolis and Thebes" In
many scenes we find Amen-Ra with the head of a ram, and his sacred
animals were the goose and the ram, he usually wears the solar disk, plumes,
and uraeus at times, however, he wears the disk and urauus or the disk only.
In this form he is called "Amen-Ra, lord of the thrones of the two
lands, (same as menes) the "dweller in Thebes, the
great god appeareth in the horizon," or "Amen-Ra, lord of the
thrones of the two lands, governor of "Ta-Kenset {Nubia}."
Another form of Amen-Ra is that in which he is represented with
the body of the ithyphallic god Amsu, or Min, or Khem i.e., as the personification
of the power of generation. In this form he wears either the customary disk
and plumes, or the united crowns of the South and North, (see - menes), and has
one hand and arm raised to support, see a
god archetype which holds above his shoulder; he is called " see Amen-Ra, the bull of his mother," and
possesses all the attributes of Fa-a, i.e., the god of the lifted hand.
IN one of the examples reproduced by Lanzone Amen-Ra in his ithyphallic
form stands by the side of a pylon-shaped building, on the top of which
are two trees, an the side of a large lotus flower; the lotus flower represents
the rising sun, (dawn and/or Don) which was
supposed to issue daily from between two trees.
In another form Amen-Ra has the head of a crocodile, and he wears
the crown, which is composed of the solar disk, plumes and horns, and is
called the "disposer of the life of Ra and the years of Temu."
Finally, the god was sometimes represented in the form of a goose; the animal
sacred to him in many parts of Egypt, and all over Nubia, was the ram. In
very late dynastic times, especially in the Ptolamaic period, it became
customary to make figures of Amen-Ra in bronze in which every important
attribute of the god was represented. In these he has the bearded head of
a man, the body of a beetle with the wings of a hawk, the legs of a man
with the toes and claws of a lion, and is provided with four hands and arms,
and four wings, the last named being extended. One hand, which is stretched
along the wing, grasps the symbols, the knives, another is raised to support,
after the manner of the "god
of the lifted hand" a third holds the symbol of
generation and fertility; and the fourth is lifted to his head The face
of the god is, in reality, that of the solar disk, from which proceed the
heads and necks of eight rams. Resting on the disk is a pair of ram's horns,
with a disk on each, and stretching upwards are the two characteristics
plumes of the god Amen. From the tip of each of these projects a lion-headed
uraeus, which ejects moisture from its mouth. This form of the god was a
production probably of the period immediately following the XXVIth Dynasty,
but some modifications of it are not so old.
The idea, which underlines the figure, is that of representing
the pact or company of the gods, of which Amen was the chief, and of showing
how every one of the oldest gods of Egypt was contained in him.
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